Mukteswara temple dedicated to
Lord Shiva, Mukteswara, is carved with figures of
ascetics in several poses of meditation. The highlight
of the temple, is the magnificent torana - the decorative
gateway, an arched masterpiece, reminiscent of Buddhist influence in Orissa.. The
sculptured gateway, the jagamohana with diamond
shaped latticed windows and decorated interiors
and the plethora of sculptural work all deserve
mention in this temple dedicated to Shiva Although
it is only a small monument rising to a height of
35 feet. Literally every inch of its surface is
carved. This temple has also been described as a
dream realized in sandstone and it is a monument
where it is said sculpture and architecture are
in complete harmony with one another.
This 10th century temple built
in the year of AD 950, is an important transition
point, between the early and the later phases of
the Kalinga school of temple architecture. The sculptural
decoration of the Mukteswara is exquisitely executed,
and it is often referred to as the "gem of
Oriya architecture". Richly sculpted, the temple
offers pride of place to tales from the Panchatantra.
The arched gateway is particularly fine. It also
shows excellent combinations of Hindu and Buddhist
and Jain features, which find a common voice in
much of Orissan temple craft.
Architecture
The sculptural decoration of the Mukteswara is exquisitely
executed. The beautiful sculptures eloquently speak
of the sense of proportion and perspective of the
sculptor and their unique ability in the exact depiction
of the minutest objects. The builders of Mukteswara
Temple introduced new architectural designs, new
art motifs and new conceptions about the icnography
of the cult images. There are a number of depictions
of skeletal ascetics among the sculptural images,
most of them shown in teaching or meditation poses,
which seems appropriate as the name Mukteswara means
"Lord who gives freedom through Yoga".
The sculptures in the ceiling of the jagamohan are
also an entirely different creation. This 10th century
temple has some of the most ornate carvings and
renditions of the Panchatantra tales. Sculptures
can be found of elephants, monkeys, lions, and other
animals. Around the windows of the Jagmohana are
monkeys engaged in a variety of humorous and lively
scenes depicting popular stories from Panchatantra.
The sophisticated
architectural style holds a magnetic appeal that
lies in its indigenous glory. Orissa temples like
others in India are not merely abodes of deities
but a Shraddhanjali (offering) to the most sacred.
They are characterised by exquisite, ornamentally
carved Gods and Goddesses, kings and queens, animals
and flower motifs. Orissa is probably the only State
where one can study temple architecture in all its
successive stages of development.
This beautifully decorated, elaborately carved temple
is not far from the Parsurameswar temple. It is
one of the smallest temples and the compactness
of the temple is also very striking. The tank inside
the compound is still used by the priest and the
devotees. It is believed that tossing coins in the
well will cure a women suffering from infertility.
On the door frame one can see the carvings of the
local saint, Lakulisa. Its earthy red sandstone
body is encrusted with intricate carvings, depicting
starved lean looking Sadhus (holy men) to voluptuous,
become women bedecked with jewels
Mukteswar's most distinctive
feature is the arched gateway also called "Torana"
dated about 900 A.D. The Torana shows the influence
of Buddhist architecture. This thick pillared, arched
gateway is beautifully carved with strings of beads
and other attractive ornaments with statues of smiling
women in languorous postures. In the yard stands
the Kedareswar Temple, with a striking 8 feet statue
of Ram Bhakt Hanuman (the monkey God).
With its small dimension
(10.5m height) and red stone masonry it is a glorious
synthesis of the old and new styles of the Kalinga
School. With a fully developed pancharatha for the
main sanctuary and a square planned jagmohana (porch
or entrance) and an embryonic pidha superstructure
in the shape of a stepped pyramid, every inch of
the exterior has dainty and distinct carvings, such
as the clear cut lacings of the Chaitya windows.
The rounded edges of the pagas
(segments) give the temple a mollifying look. Both
the temple and the porch stand on a low plinth surrounded
by a low wall with offset projections and sculptured
exterior facing west. The porch is remarkable for
the sculptural treatment of the interior — a rare
feature in Orissa Temples
About the
Deity
On the outer face of the compound wall are niches
containing a variety of divinities. These include
Saraswati (sitting on a lotus with two female attendants
by her side), Ganesa (with his attendant mouse),
and Lakulisha (the fifth century founder of the
Pashupata sect of tantric Shaivism), who is portrayed
sitting cross-legged, with two miniature ascetic
figures in the triangular side panels. The fact
that these wall niches include Buddhist and Jain
images as well as Shaivite (Hindu) ones attests
once again to the synthesis which was so much a
part of Orissan religious life.
The 'torana' (arched gateway)
of the Mukteswara deserves special attention. Its
extraordinarily beautiful sculpture includes elaborate
scrolls, graceful female figures, monkeys, peacocks,
and a wealth of delicate and lovely decorative detail.
On the eastern side of the
temple compound is a sacred tank, and in the south
west corner is a well which is said to cure fertility
problems. Several small shrines will be noticed
within the compound, many with lingam inside. These
were offering shrines depicting utmost faith in
God for all purposes during that era.
Places to
see
Orissa State Museum
A mini-Orissa with artifacts, sculptures,
coins, textiles, traditional instruments, manuscripts
and more which provide the visitor with a comprehensive
insight into Oriyan culture.
Parsurameswar Temple
This is the best-preserved, and therefore also the
most beautiful, of Bhubaneshwar's early temples.
Rajarani Temple
Never completed, the 12th century Rajarani Temple
still ranks among the finest of Bhubaneshwar's later
temples.
Bindu Sagar
An important landmark of the Old Town, the Bindu
Sagar (Ocean Drop Tank) is to be found just north
of the Lingaraj Temple.
Tribal Museum
This museum provides an insight into the tribal
culture of Orissa.
Handicrafts museum
It is situated on Secretariat Road and has a vast
range of handicrafts collection.
Main Attraction
Good place to shop for woven Ikat fabric, applique
work, silver iligree jwellery, stone carvings and
patta chitra paintings. The Ashokaashtami procession
is in Mar/April, Bali Yatra, a fair is held in Oct/Nov.